Херсонес. Часть первая. Общеобразовательная
Вот лично я думаю так: если берешься обстоятельно рассказывать о Крыме, то просто никак нельзя не упомянуть и о Херсонесе. Конечно в интернетах и без меня полно информации о нем, но устоять перед соблазном передать свое видение этого замечательного места я просто не могу.
Историческая справка
Итак, древние греки основали Херсонес в V веке до н.э. на территории современного Севастополя.
Места эти им явно приглянулись, так что город развивался довольно быстро и через сто лет превратился в большой морской торговый порт. Однако кроме мирных занятий типа скотоводства, земле- и виноделия грекам приходилось постоянно воевать. То скифы нагрянут, то тавры, то половцы, то еще какие печенеги. Дальше стало и того хуже — явились золотоордынские беспредельщики. Они-то в конце-концов и уничтожили город в XV веке. Подробнее про историю Херсонеса можно почитать тут.
Знаменитая херсоенсская базилика.
Заповедник
В 1892-м году было решено как-то защитить то, что осталось от Херсонеса, потому его территория была объявлена музеем. При союзе музей был переделан в заповедник и сейчас он называется национальный заповедник «Херсонес Таврический» и находится в Севастополе по адресу: улица Древняя, 1. Часы работы в сезон (1.05-1.10): 9:00 — 19:00, в остальное время: 9:00 — 17:00. Цена за вход (лето 2012) — 35 грн. Однако если прийти до восьми утра, то на территорию можно попасть абсолютно бесплатно.
Добраться до Херсонеса от ЖД и автовокзала можно на маршрутках 107, 109, 110, от центра Севастополя в нужном направлении едет почти всё, включая названные маршрутки и троллейбусы 6 и 10. Выйти нужно на остановке «Дмитрия Ульянова» и минут 10 пройтись вверх по уличке, перпендикулярной основной дороге.
Архитектура
Как известно, древние греки были те еще мастера архитектурного дела, потому археологи откопали в Херсонесе довольно много интересных развалин. Неплохо сохранились фундаменты храмов, оборонительных стен и башен, бань, целых кварталов жилых домов, монетного двора и всякого прочего.
Кстати, оборонительные стены были сделаны очень интересно: они стояли в несколько рядов и образовывали некий лабиринт с несколькими воротами. Такое решение исключало лобовую атаку и позволяло полностью контролировать вход в город.
Оборонительные стены.
Также уцелело основание театра. В античные времена там проходили всевозможные спектакли, позже, когда Херсонес перешел к Римской империи, тут стало модно проводить гладиаторские бои, а в Средние века, с приходом и укоренением христианства, театр был закрыт, а на его месте были построены храмы и жилые кварталы. Сейчас же он частично восстановлен, мало того, здесь даже снова ставят спектакли для жителей Севастополя и туристов.
Владимирский Собор
В отличие от большинства других сооружений на территории Херсонеса, Владимирский Собор не имеет прямого отношения к древним грекам. Построили его аж в 1891 году в честь крещения на этом месте князя Владимира.
Купальня, в которой киевский князь Владимир принял христианство.
Однако свои функции собор выполнял недолго. В 1924 году коммунисты решили прикрыть религиозную лавочку, а чуть позже, во время Великой Отечественной, в его купол угодил снаряд. В таком виде он и достоял до 90-х, когда было решено его восстановить. Освящение восстановленного Владимирского Собора состоялось в 2001-м году, и сейчас он используется по назначению.
Музеи
На территории херсонесского заповедника, кроме собственно городища и собора так же есть несколько тематических музеев и экспозиций. Во-первых, это музеи античного и средневекового периодов истории города, а во-вторых, — коллекции эпиграфов (лапидарий) и скульптур.
Музей средневековья
Коллекция амфор
Пока что остановлюсь на этом, а во второй части статьи читайте про менее типичные, но не менее интересные места Херсонеса.
Рубрика: Объекты. Метки: глобальности, крепости, культовые сооружения, руины, Севастополь, Херсонес. Вы можете добавить постоянную ссылку в закладки.
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